Academic Resources

Diversity and Study Design

• Gender and ethnicity of enrolled participants in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trials for approved ophthalmological new molecular entities.  Mirnbaum FA. J Natl Med Assoc 2018.  PMID 30129511.
• Racial/ethnic disparities in ophthalmology clinical trials resulting in US Food and Drug Administration drug approvals from 2000 to 2020.  Berkowitz et al.  JAMA Ophthalmology 2021.  PMID 33885724.
• Racial and ethnic disparities in primary open angle glaucoma clinical trials: A systemic review and meta-analysis.  Allison et al.  JAMA Netw open 2021.  PMID 34003274.

Leadership

• Advancing women in healthcare leadership: A systemic review and meta-synthesis of multi-sector evidence on organizational interventions.  Mousa et al. EClinicalMedicine 2021. PMID 34430838.
• Building an evidence base on organizational interventions to advance women in healthcare leadership.  Ovseiko et al. EClinicalMedicine 2021. PMID 34485874.
• Developing future academic physicians: the Academic Medicine Scholars Program.  Granat et al. Med Sci Educ 2020. PMID 34457728.
• Early career development and graduate medical education leadership pathways.  Boucher et al. J Grad Med Educ 2020. PMID 33149842.
• Factors that influence the implementation of organizational interventions for advancing women in healthcare leadership: A meta-ethnographic study. Mousa et al.  EClinicalMedicine 2022. PMID 35856039.
• Gender-specific conferences and symposia: A putative support structure for female physicians.  Woitowich et al.  J Womens Health 2020.  PMID 31697577.
• Institutional imperatives for the advancement of women in medicine and science through the COVID-19 pandemic.  Salles et al.  Lancet 2021. PMID: 34450081
• Introducing the MAVEN leadership training initiative to diversity the scientific workforce.  Wang et al. Elife 2021. PMID 34032569.
• Leading by design: Lessons for the future from 25 years of Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM) program for Women.  Jagsi et al.  Acad Med. 2020.  PMID 33006867.
• Organisational best practices for advancing women in leadership: protocol for a systemic literature review.  Mousa et al.  BMJ Open. 2021.  PMID 33895718.
• Positive association of a women’s continuing medical education conference on career advancement and promotion.  Mukkamala et al.  Med Educ Online 2021.  PMID 34533431.

Medical Education/Academic Medicine

• Academic medicine faculty perceptions of work-life balance before and since the COVID-19 pandemic.  Matulevicius et al. JAMA Netw Open 2021.  PMID 34129021.
• Chairs of United States academic ophthalmology departments: A descriptive analysis and trends.  Dotan et al Am J Ophthalmol 2018. PMID 30121244.
• COVID-19 threatens progress toward gender equity within academic medicine.  Woitowich et al. Acad Med 2021. PMID 33003040.
• Current applicant perceptions of the ophthalmology residency match.  Venincasa et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 32163107.
• Do family responsibilities and a clinical versus research faculty position affect satisfaction with career and work-life balance for medical school faculty?  Beckett et al. J Womens Health 2015. PMID 26070036.
• The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of redressing differential attainment related to race/ethnicity in medical schools. Fyfe et al. Perspect Med Educ 2022. PMID 34964930.
• Effect of COVID-19 on the medical school experience, specialty selection, and career choice: a qualitative study.  Krier et al. J Surg Educ 2022. PMID 34863674.
• Examining medical student specialty choice through a gender lens: An orientational qualitative study.  Smith V et al. Teach Learn Med 2018. PMID 28497985.
• Gender differences in case volume among ophthalmology residents.  Gong et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019.  PMID 31318390.
• Gender differences in endowed chairs in medicine at top schools.  Gold et al. JAMA Int Med 2020.  PMID 32865546.
• Gender differences in faculty rank among academic physicians: A systemic review and meta-anaylsis.  Li et al. BMJ Open 2021.  PMID 34728447.
• Gender differences in promotion and scholarly impact: An analysis of 1460 academic ophthalmologists.  Lopez et al.  J Surg Educ 2014. PMID 24852601.
• Gender disparities among US academic pediatric ophthalmologists: An analysis of publication productivity, academic rank, and NIH funding.  Camacci et al.  J AAPOS 2020.  PMID 33049372.
• The impact of a faculty development program, the Leadership in Academic Medicine Program (LAMP), on self-efficacy, academic promotion and institutional retention.  Tung et al.  BND Med Educ 2021.  PMID 34474670.
• Implicit bias and the association of redaction of identifiers with residency application screening scores.  Pershing et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021.  PMID 34673889.
• Increasing promotion of women faculty in academic medicine: Impact of national career development programs.  Chang et al. J Womens Health. 2020.  PMID 32466701.
• Inspired but tired: How medical faculty’s job demands and resources lead to engagement, work-life conflict, and burnout.  Lee et al.  Front Psychol. 2021.  PMID 33643137.
• Keys to academic success for under-represented minority young investigators: Recommendations from the Research in Academic Pediatrics Initiative on Diversity (RAPID) National Advisory Committee.  Flores et al.  Int J Equity Health 2019.  PMID 31215424.
• Mentoring programs for underrepresented minority faculty in academic medical centers: A systemic review of the literature.  Beech et al. Acad Med 2013.  PMID 23425989.
• Mentoring relationships and gender inequities in academic medicine: Findings from a multi-institutional qualitative study.  Murphy et al.  Acad Med 2022.  PMID 34495884.
• Mentorship is not enough: Exploring sponsorship and its role in career advancement in academic medicine.  Ayyala et al.  Acad Med 2019.  PMID 30095456.
• Minding the gap: Organizational strategies to promote gender equity in academic medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Narayana et al.  J Gen Intern Med 2020.  PMID 33021718.
• Narratives of participants in national career development programs for women in academic medicine: Identifying the opportunities for strategic investment.  Helitzer et al.  J Womens Health 2016.  PMID 26982007.
• Ophthalmology departments remain among the least diverse clinical departments in US medical schools.  Fairless et al.  Ophthalmology 2021.  PMID 33440211.
• Reply Quillen et al. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 34753601
• Reply Kuhn R. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 34688476.
• Parental leave policy for ophthalmology residents: Results of a nationwide cross-sectional study of program directors.  Wang et al.  J Surg Educ 2021.  PMID 32948506.
• Perceptual facilitators for and barriers to career progression: A qualitative study with female early stage investigators in health sciences.  Fernandez et al.  Acad Med 2021.  PMID 33369901.
• Recruitment, promotion, and retention in academic medicine: How institutions are addressing gender disparities.  Carr et al.  Womens Health Issues 2017. PMID 28063849.
• Residency program directors of US ophthalmology programs: A descriptive analysis.  Kloosterboer et al.  Am J Ophthalmol. 2020.  PMID 31525356.
• Retaining faculty in academic medicine: The impact of career development programs for women.  Chang et al.  J Womens Health 2016.  PMID 27058451.
• Sex differences in academic productivity across academic ranks and specialties in academic medicine.  Ha et al.  PMID 34185071.
• Sex differences in academic rank, scholarly productivity, National Institute of Health Funding, and industry ties among academic cornea specialists in the US.  Chiam et al.  Am J Ophthalmol.  PMID 32941858.
• Strategies of female teaching attending physicians to navigate gender-based challenges: An exploratory qualitative study.  Houchens et al.  J Hosp Med 2020.  PMID 32804607.
• Striving for gender equity in academic medicine careers: A call to action.  Bates et al.  Acad Med 2016.  PMID 27332868.
• To select or be selected – gendered experiences in clinical training affect medical students’ specialty preferences.  Kristoffersson et al. BMC Med Educ 2018.  PMID 30453953.
• What are women being advised by mentors when applying to surgery?  Altieri et al.  Am Surg 2020.  PMID 32223809.
• Women in academic surgery over the last four decades.  Linscheid et al. PLoS One 2020.  PMID 33326486.
• Women’s experiences of promotion and tenure in academic medicine and potential implications for gender disparities in career advancement: A qualitative analysis.  Murphy et al.  JAMA Netw Open 2021. PMID 34542616.

Ophthalmology Workforce, Productivity, and Participation

• Association between physician characteristics and payments from industry in 2015-2017: observational study. Inoue et al. BMJ Open 2019. PMID 31542759.
• Analysis of sex diversity trends among ophthalmology match applicants, residents, and clinical faculty. Aguwa et al. JAMA Ophthalmology 2021. PMID 34554195.
• Association between sex composition and publication productivity of journal editorial and professional society board members in ophthalmology. Camacci et al, JAMA Ophthalmology 2020. PMID 32215609.
• Authorship gender composition in the ophthalmology literature from 2015 to 2019. Kalavar et al. Ophthalmology 2021. PMID 32890547.
• Call to action to all surgery journal editors for diversity in the editorial and peer review process. Kibbe, Freischlag. JAMA Surg 2020. PMID 32865554.
• Characteristics of industry payments to ophthalmologists in the Open Payments database. Slentz et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019. PMID 31268495.
• Current and future status of diversity in ophthalmologist workforce. Xierali et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016. PMID 27416525.
• Decadelong profile of women in ophthalmic publications. Franco-Cardenas et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015. PMID 25392974.
• Reply. Davis et al. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015. PMID 25763927.
• Reply Tsui et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015. PMID 25764142.
• Differences in practice of ophthalmology by gender in Australia. Lo et al. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019. PMID 31021502.
• Differences in clinical activity and Medicare payments for female vs male ophthalmologists. Reddy et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28114631.
• Medicare payments and physician sex in ophthalmology. Williams RD. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28114640
• Diversity in the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Charlson et al. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019. PMID 29851757.
• Experiences of work-family conflict and mental health symptoms by gender among physician parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frank et al. JAMA Netw Open 2021. PMID 34767022.
• Female editorial authorship trends in high-impact ophthalmology journals. Fathy et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 34383002.
• Five decade profile of women in leadership positions at ophthalmic publications. Mansour et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2012. PMID 23143443.
• Gender compensation gap for ophthalmologists in the first year of clinical practice. Jia et al. Ophthalmology 2021. PMID 33248156.
• Gender difference in surgical volume among cataract surgeons. Feng et al. Ophthalmology 2021. PMID 32987047.
• Gender distribution among surgical journals’ editorial boards: Empowering women surgeon scientists. Ehrlich et al. Surgery 2021. PMID 33494948.
• Gender distribution among editorial boards of surgical journals. Battisti et al. Br J Surg 2023. PMID 36511356.
• Gender of award recipients in major ophthalmology societies. Nguyen et al. Am J Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 34102152.
• Gender parity does not equal gender equity: Continued sexism in medical literature. Kattapuram et al. Ann Surg 2021. PMID 33534234.
• Gender representation in pediatric ophthalmology: An analysis of trends over a decade. Kalavar et al. J AAPOS 2020. PMID 33068725.
• Gender specific trends in ophthalmologist Medicare collections. Ahmad et al. Am J Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 31926887.
• “I may be essential but someone has to look after my kids”: women physicians and COVID. Smith J et al. Can J Public Health 2021. PMID 34919212
• Impact of COVID-19 on longitudinal ophthalmology authorship gender trends. Nguyen et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021. PMID 33537883
• Improving racial diversity in the ophthalmology workforce: A call to action for leaders in ophthalmology. Aguwa et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021. PMID 33393483.
• JAMA Ophthalmology-The year in review, 2019: Striving for sex parity in leadership and excellence in publications. Bressler, N. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 32215593.
• Medicare billing and reimbursement differ for women and men in ophthalmology. Salim and Christmann. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28796878.
• Reply Reddy et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28796858.
• A national survey of Canadian women in ophthalmology: on role models, mentorship, and communities of practice. Kletke et al. Can J Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 33129757.
• Pay gap among female and male ophthalmologists compared with other specialties. Felfeli et al. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 34271073.
• Prevelance of female authors in case reports published in the medical literature. Hsiehchen et al. JAMA Netw Open 2019. PMID 31150085.
• Promoting equity for women in medicine – seizing a disruptive opportunity. Jagsi et al. N Eng J Med 2021. PMID 34134182.
• Representation of women among editors in chief of leading medical journals. Pinho-Gomes et al. JAMA Netw Open 2021. PMID 34495341.
• Representation of women in ophthalmology receiving private industry funding 2015-2018. Patel et al. Am J Ophthalmol 2022. PMID 34509432.
• Representation of women in vitreoretinal meeting faculty roles from 2015-2019. Sridhar et al. Am J Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 32918901.
• Representation of women with industry ties in ophthalmology. Reddy et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016. PMID 27101532.
• Sex-based differences in Medicare reimbursements among ophthalmologists persist across time. Halawa et al. Ophthalmology 2022. PMID 35588946.
• Sex disparities in ophthalmic research: a descriptive bibliometric study on scientific authorships. Kramer et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019. PMID 31415074.
• Striving for parity in 2020-Raising awareness and effecting change. Finn and Baumal. JAMA Ophthalmol 2020. PMID 32614405.
• Time trends, disease patterns and gender imbalance in the top 100 most cited articles in ophthalmology. Heng Wong et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2019. PMID 30002071.
• Trends in authorship in articles in major ophthalmology journals by gender, 2002-2014. Mimouni et al. Ophthalmology 2016. PMID 27221734.
• Trends in female authorship in Cornea from 2007-2019. Amarasekera et al. Cornea 2021. PMID 33264143.
• Women’s participation in the medical profession: Insights from experiences in Japan, Scandinavia, Russia, and Eastern Europe. Ramakrishnan et al. J Womens Health 2014. PMID 25320867.
• Women’s representation among members and leaders of national medical specialty societies. Jagsi et al. Acad Med 2020. PMID 31625994.

Sexual Harassment

• Challenges to addressing patient-perpetuated sexual harassment in the Veteran’s Affairs healthcare settings. Fenwick et al. J Gen Intern Med 2021. PMID 33634380.
• Experience of male physicians with sexual and gender-based harassment: A qualitative study. Farkas et al. J Gen Intern Med 2020. PMID 32076981.
• Medical students’ self-reported gender discrimination and sexual harassment over time. Kisiel et al. BMC Med Educ. 2020. PMID 33302936.
• Responding to patient-initiated verbal sexual harassment: Outcomes of a pilot training for ophthalmologists. Hock et al. J Acad Ophthalmol. 2017 epub 2020. PMID 33796813.
• Sexual harassment of female providers by patients: A qualitative study. Scholcoff et al. J Gen Intern Med 2020. PMID 32700219.
• Sexual harassment in ophthalmology: A survey study. Cabrera et al. Ophthalmology 2019. PMID 30340768.
• A US Survey of sexual harassment in ophthalmology training using a novel standardized scale. Scruggs et al. J Acad Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 34027298.

Women’s Ocular Health

• Association between sex hormones and visual field progression in women with primary open angle glaucoma: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. Qiu et al. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 PMID 35002675.
• Dry eye disease: Consideration for women’s health. Matossian et al. J Womens Health 2019. PMID 30694724.
• The effects of sex, oral contraception, and menstrual cycle phase on intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and foveal thickness: A descriptive analysis. Fortepiani et al. Vision 2021. PMID 34698316.
• Girl power in glaucoma: The role of estrogen in primary open angle glaucoma. Fotesko et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022. PMID 33040236.
• Interventions to improve gender equity in eye care in low-middle income countries: A systemic review. Mercer et al. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019. PMID 30767630.
• Intimate partner violence in ophthalmology: A global call to action. Cohen et al. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017. PMID 28549018.
• Macular vascular changes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus by optical coherence tomography angiography. Liu et al. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021. PMID 33836718.
• Maternal optical coherence tomography angiography changes related to small for gestational age pregnancies. Su et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020. PMID 33344048.
• Ophthalmic pathology in the offspring of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Alvarez-Bulnes et al. Matern Child Health J 2020. PMID 31997119.
• Relative postpartum retinal vasoconstriction detected with optical coherence tomography angiography. Lin et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021. PMID 34003925.
• Retinal vascular changes during pregnancy detected with optical coherence tomography angiography. Chanwimol et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019. PMID 31247113.
• Retinal vascular changes during menstrual cycle detected with optical coherence tomography angiography. Guo et al. J Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 34336258.
• The role of estriol and estrone in keratoconic stromal sex hormone receptors. Escandon et al. Int J Mol Sci 2022. PMID 35055103.
• The roles of sex and gender in women’s eye health disparities in the US. Aninye et al. Biol Sex Differ 2021. PMID 34670620.
• Sex differences in RANTES (CCL5) in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls with no AMD. Fonteh et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022. PMID 35133404.
• Sex/gender disparities and women’s eye health. Clayton et al. Curr Eye Res 2015. PMID 25548854.
• Sex hormone receptors in the human eye. Gupta et al. Surv Ophthalmol 2005. PMID 15850816.
• Sex hormones, growth hormone, and the cornea. McKay et al. Cells 2022. PMID 35053340.
• Sex hormones related ocular dryness in breast cancer women. Grasso et al. J Clin Med 2021. PMID 34198684.
• Sex, eyes, and vision: Male/female distinctions in ophthalmic disorders. Eisner A. Curr Eye Res 2015. PMID 25329177.
• Sex-steroid imbalance in females and dry eye. Versura et al. Curr Eye Res 2015. PMID 25290221.
• The thickness changes of retina in high myopia patients during the third trimester of pregnancy: A pilot study. Liu et al. BMC Ophthalmol 2021. PMID 34706696.
• Visual impairment and blindness in adults in the US: Demographic and geographic variations from 2015 to 2050. Varma et al. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016. PMID 27197072.
• Vulvovaginal and ocular involvement and treatment in female patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A review. Magone et al. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021. PMID 35024409.